# tech-notes 资料索引

最后整理：2026-08-20。以下是每个事件的主资料；详情弹窗内另有一条交叉资料。资料用途是事实核验和继续阅读，页面正文均为中文原创摘要。

| 年份 | 事件 | 主资料 | 类型 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1946 | ENIAC 公开亮相 | [U.S. Army: ENIAC, The Army-Sponsored Revolution](https://history.army.mil/portals/143/Images/Publications/catalog/70-102-1.pdf) | 机构档案 |
| 1947 | 点接触晶体管 | [Computer History Museum: Invention of the Point-Contact Transistor](https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/invention-of-the-point-contact-transistor/) | 博物馆档案 |
| 1948 | 信息论诞生 | [Claude Shannon: A Mathematical Theory of Communication](https://people.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf) | 原始论文 |
| 1949 | EDSAC 运行首个程序 | [University of Cambridge: EDSAC 99](https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/events/EDSAC99/history.html) | 机构档案 |
| 1956 | 达特茅斯会议 | [Dartmouth: Artificial Intelligence Coined at Dartmouth](https://home.dartmouth.edu/about/artificial-intelligence-ai-coined-dartmouth) | 机构档案 |
| 1958 | 集成电路原型 | [Nobel Prize: The Integrated Circuit](https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/advanced-physicsprize2000.pdf) | 机构档案 |
| 1964 | IBM System/360 | [IBM: System/360](https://www.ibm.com/history/system-360) | 机构档案 |
| 1969 | UNIX 萌芽 | [Computer History Museum: UNIX in 1969](https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1969/) | 博物馆档案 |
| 1969 | ARPANET 首次联网 | [DARPA: ARPANET](https://www.darpa.mil/news/features/arpanet) | 机构档案 |
| 1970 | 关系模型 | [Edgar F. Codd: A Relational Model of Data](https://www.seas.upenn.edu/~zives/03f/cis550/codd.pdf) | 原始论文 |
| 1971 | Intel 4004 | [Intel: The Intel 4004](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/virtual-vault/articles/the-intel-4004.html) | 机构档案 |
| 1973 | Ethernet 构想 | [Computer History Museum: Ethernet](https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/networking/19/381) | 博物馆档案 |
| 1977 | Apple II 上市 | [Smithsonian: Apple II](https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object/nmah_334638) | 博物馆档案 |
| 1981 | IBM PC 发布 | [IBM: The IBM PC](https://www.ibm.com/history/personal-computer) | 机构档案 |
| 1983 | ARPANET 切换到 TCP/IP | [RFC 801: NCP/TCP Transition Plan](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc801.html) | 标准文档 |
| 1984 | Macintosh 发布 | [Computer History Museum: Apple Macintosh](https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/304) | 博物馆档案 |
| 1989 | 万维网提案 | [CERN: A Short History of the Web](https://home.cern/science/computing/the-birth-of-the-web/short-history-web/) | 机构档案 |
| 1991 | Linux 内核公开 | [Linux Foundation: A Brief History of Linux](https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/blog/the-linux-foundation-its-not-just-the-linux-operating-system) | 项目档案 |
| 1993 | Mosaic 浏览器 | [NCSA: Mosaic](https://www.ncsa.illinois.edu/a-32-year-superstar-in-cyberinfrastructure-retires/) | 机构档案 |
| 1997 | Deep Blue 击败世界棋王 | [IBM: Deep Blue](https://www.ibm.com/history/deep-blue) | 机构档案 |
| 2004 | MapReduce 论文 | [Google Research: MapReduce](https://research.google/pubs/mapreduce-simplified-data-processing-on-large-clusters/) | 原始论文 |
| 2005 | Git 开始开发 | [Git SCM: A Short History of Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git) | 项目文档 |
| 2006 | Amazon EC2 公测 | [AWS: Announcing Amazon EC2 Beta](https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2006/08/24/announcing-amazon-elastic-compute-cloud-amazon-ec2---beta/) | 发布公告 |
| 2007 | iPhone 发布 | [Apple: iPhone Announcement](https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2007/01/09Apple-Reinvents-the-Phone-with-iPhone/) | 发布公告 |
| 2012 | AlexNet 赢得 ImageNet | [ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks](https://papers.nips.cc/paper_files/paper/2012/hash/c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b-Abstract.html) | 原始论文 |
| 2013 | Docker 公开 | [Docker: The Next Chapter](https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-next-chapter-advancing-developer-workflows-for-modern-apps/) | 亲历者回顾 |
| 2014 | Kubernetes 开源 | [Kubernetes: 10 Years of Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2024/06/06/10-years-of-kubernetes/) | 项目档案 |
| 2017 | Transformer 架构 | [Google Research: Attention Is All You Need](https://research.google/pubs/attention-is-all-you-need/) | 原始论文 |
| 2018 | BERT | [Google Research: BERT](https://research.google/pubs/bert-pre-training-of-deep-bidirectional-transformers-for-language-understanding/) | 原始论文 |
| 2020 | GPT-3 与上下文学习 | [Language Models are Few-Shot Learners](https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165) | 原始论文 |
| 2021 | 基础模型概念 | [Stanford CRFM: Foundation Models](https://crfm.stanford.edu/report.html) | 研究报告 |
| 2022 | ChatGPT 公开 | [InstructGPT: Training Language Models to Follow Instructions](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155) | 原始论文 |
| 2023 | GPT-4 与多模态输入 | [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774) | 技术报告 |
| 2023 | Llama 2 开放权重 | [Meta AI: Llama 2](https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-2-open-foundation-and-fine-tuned-chat-models/) | 原始论文 |

## 当代模型状态

“持续更新”部分只描述稳定趋势，不声明某个型号永远是终点。OpenAI 相关的当前能力边界以 [OpenAI API 模型目录](https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/models) 为准。